RESUMO
The SARS-CoV-2 virus causes a contagious disease known as Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). It began spreading globally in 2019 and is still producing pandemics today. Different COVID-19 vaccinations offer protection against this illness. Pfizer-BioNTech and Sinopharm were the two vaccine manufacturers with the highest usage in Iraq. Both vaccines use a different method to activate the immune system. This study seeks to compare the IL-22, IL-37, and IL-38 levels in those who received either the Sinopharm or the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccination. IL-22, IL-37, IL-38 levels have been shown to be upregulated in COVID-19 patients. In this study, IL-22, IL-37, and IL -38 levels were tested in 80 healthy controls and 100 COVID-19 patients 14-21 days after recovery. Additionally, people who received the Sinopharm or Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine (50 each) were monitored 21 days after the first dosage and 21 days after the second dose. In comparison to controls, serum levels were noticeably higher in recovered patients. Except for the first dosage of Pfizer BioNTech, the first and second doses of Sinopharm and Pfizer BioNTech were linked to considerably higher levels of IL-22, IL-37, and IL-38 compared to controls or recovered patients. where IL-22, IL -37, and IL-38 levels did not show significant differences compared to recovered patients. In conclusion, lower IL-37 and IL-38 molecule levels were linked to recovery from COVID-19, although these levels remained considerably greater in recovered patients compared to uninfected controls. Vaccination with Sinopharm or Pfizer-BioNTech confirmed the up-regulating effects of SARS-CoV-2 on IL-22, IL-37, and IL-38 levels.
RESUMO
The SARS-CoV-2 virus causes a contagious disease known as Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). It began spreading globally in 2019 and is still producing pandemics today. Different COVID-19 vaccinations offer protection against this illness. Pfizer-BioNTech and Sinopharm were the two vaccine manufacturers with the highest usage in Iraq. Both vaccines use a different method to activate the immune system. This study seeks to compare the IL-22, IL-37, and IL-38 levels in those who received either the Sinopharm or the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccination. IL-22, IL-37, IL-38 levels have been shown to be upregulated in COVID-19 patients. In this study, IL-22, IL-37, and IL-38 levels were tested in 80 healthy controls and 100 COVID-19 patients 14-21 days after recovery. Additionally, people who received the Sinopharm or Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine (50 each) were monitored 21 days after the first dosage and 21 days after the second dose. In comparison to controls, serum levels were noticeably higher in recovered patients. Except for the first dosage of Pfizer BioNTech, the first and second doses of Sinopharm and Pfizer BioNTech were linked to considerably higher levels of IL-22, IL-37, and IL-38 compared to controls or recovered patients. where IL-22, IL-37, and IL-38 levels did not show significant differences compared to recovered patients. In conclusion, lower IL-37 and IL-38 molecule levels were linked to recovery from COVID-19, although these levels remained considerably greater in recovered patients compared to uninfected controls. Vaccination with Sinopharm or Pfizer-BioNTech confirmed the up-regulating effects of SARS-CoV-2 on IL-22, IL-37, and IL-38 levels.Copyright © 2023, Codon Publications. All rights reserved.
RESUMO
Introduction: Accumulating evidence indicates that inflammatory responses play a major role in the development and/or severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Therefore, a retrospective, cross-sectional study was performed to provide an inflammatory profile in COVID-19. Methods: The study included 139 patients infected with COVID-19, who were admitted to inpatient wards and intensive care units in Baghdad Teaching Hospital. There were 105 patients suffering from non-severe illness and 34 patients had severe disease. This study simultaneously evaluated six peripheral blood markers of inflammation to determine their predictive value in COVID-19 severity. These were C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), ferritin, D-dimer, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR). Results: The medians of age, CRP, ESR, ferritin, D-dimer and NLR were significantly elevated in severe cases of COVID-19 compared to non-severe cases. The LDH also tended to have increased levels in severe cases but the difference was not significant compared to non-severe cases. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that D-dimer was the most significant risk factor, followed by NLR, ferritin and CRP. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis identified that the best cut-off values of CRP, ESR, ferritin, D-dimer, LDH and NLR for predicting severity in COVID-19 patients were 22.7 mg/L, 59.5 mm/h, 719.4 ng/mL, 367.5 ng/mL, 468.5 U/L and 12.9, respectively. Conclusion: Age and the inflammatory markers CRP, ESR, ferritin, D-dimer, and NLR showed higher medians in severe cases of COVID-19 compared to non-severe cases. In this context, D-dimer and NLR are suggested to be important predictive markers of severe disease. © 2022 UPM Press. All rights reserved.
RESUMO
Background: A case-control study was performed to examine age, gender, and ABO blood groups in 1014 Iraqi hospitalized cases with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and 901 blood donors (control group). The infection was molecularly diagnosed by detecting coronavirus RNA in nasal swabs of patients. Results: Mean age was significantly elevated in cases compared to controls (48.2 ± 13.8 vs. 29.9 ± 9.0 year;probability [p] < 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic analysis demonstrated the predictive significance of age in COVID-19 evolution (Area under curve = 0.858;95% CI: 0.841 – 0.875;p < 0.001). Males outnumbered females in cases (60.4 vs. 39.6%) and controls (56 vs. 44%). Stratification by age group (< 30, 30 – 39, 40 – 49 and ≥ 50 years) revealed that 48.3% of cases clustered in the age group ≥ 50 years. ABO blood group analysis showed that group A was the most common among cases, while group O was the most common among controls (35.5 and 36.7%, respectively). Blood groups A (35.5 vs. 32.7;corrected p [pc] = 0.021), A+AB (46.3 vs. 41.7%;pc = 0.021) and A+B+AB (68.0 vs. 63.3%;pc = 0.007) showed significantly elevated frequencies in cases compared to controls. Logistic regression analysis estimated odds ratios (ORs) of 1.53 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.16 - 2.02), 1.48 (95% CI: 1.14 - 1.93) and 1.50 (95% CI: 1.17 - 1.82) for blood groups A, A+AB and A+B+AB, respectively. Blood group frequencies showed no significant differences between age groups of cases or controls. Regarding gender, male cases were marked with increased frequency of group A (39.9 vs. 28.9%) and decreased frequency of group O (25.9 vs. 41.0%) compared to female cases. Independent re-analysis of ABO blood groups in male and female cases demonstrated that group A was increased in male cases compared to male controls (39.9 vs. 33.1%;OR = 1.65;95% CI: 1.24 - 2.21;pc = 0.006). On the contrary, no significant differences were found between females of cases and controls. Conclusions: The study results indicated that blood group A may be associated with an increased risk of developing COVID-19, particularly in males.